1.零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)落(luo)(luo)(luo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了提高數控沖(chong)加(jia)工(gong)的效率(lv)和(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)(cai)的利用率(lv),要(yao)(yao)求板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)(cai)一次定位加(jia)工(gong)多(duo)個零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian),在加(jia)工(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong),一些零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)從板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)(cai)上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)落(luo)(luo)(luo)下來,這(zhe)就是零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)落(luo)(luo)(luo)。零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)落(luo)(luo)(luo)輕則停(ting)止繼續加(jia)工(gong)降低生(sheng)產效率(lv),重則造成(cheng)加(jia)工(gong)事故。因(yin)此數控沖(chong)加(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)的零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)落(luo)(luo)(luo)問題,已經(jing)嚴(yan)重影響了工(gong)作效率(lv)和(he)加(jia)工(gong)安全(quan)。零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)落(luo)(luo)(luo)主要(yao)(yao)是加(jia)工(gong)時設置(zhi)的微連(lian)接(jie)(jie)不足,零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)在加(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)由于(yu)振動和(he)沖(chong)擊造成(cheng)了微連(lian)接(jie)(jie)斷裂(lie),從而(er)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)從板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)(cai)上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)落(luo)(luo)(luo)下來。因(yin)此在加(jia)工(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)設置(zhi)好微連(lian)接(jie)(jie)的尺寸,將(jiang)會減(jian)少板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)(cai)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)落(luo)(luo)(luo)的問題發生(sheng)。對于(yu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)厚為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.1~1.0mm的鋁(lv)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),薄(bo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)留(liu)(liu)(liu)量小(xiao)(xiao),板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)厚留(liu)(liu)(liu)量大(da)(da);韌(ren)性板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)(cai)留(liu)(liu)(liu)量小(xiao)(xiao),脆性板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)(cai)留(liu)(liu)(liu)量大(da)(da);零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)量小(xiao)(xiao),板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)(cai)大(da)(da)留(liu)(liu)(liu)量大(da)(da)。對于(yu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)厚小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)2mm的鋁(lv)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),微連(lian)接(jie)(jie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.25mm,而(er)其他板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.3mm;對于(yu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)厚大(da)(da)于(yu)2mm的鋁(lv)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),微連(lian)接(jie)(jie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.30mm,而(er)其他板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.35mm。

 2.廢(fei)料(liao)反(fan)彈廢(fei)料(liao)反(fan)彈是指在數控沖(chong)鈑金加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)過程中,沖(chong)裁(cai)廢(fei)料(liao)反(fan)彈到加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)板(ban)材上(shang)。沖(chong)孔廢(fei)料(liao)反(fan)彈到加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)板(ban)料(liao)上(shang)使板(ban)料(liao)厚(hou)度局部增加(jia)(jia)(jia),易造成(cheng)刀具(ju)磨損加(jia)(jia)(jia)劇和加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)質量問題(ti)。

 1）厚(hou)度0.6mm以下材料易變形(xing)，加工范(fan)圍受模具，一般(ban)不(bu)適合用數沖加工。

 2）適(shi)中的(de)(de)硬度(du)(du)和韌(ren)性的(de)(de)材料有較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)沖裁(cai)加(jia)工性能；硬度(du)(du)太(tai)高會使(shi)沖裁(cai)力(li)變(bian)大(da)，對沖頭和精(jing)度(du)(du)都有不好(hao)的(de)(de)影響；硬度(du)(du)太(tai)低，使(shi)沖裁(cai)時變(bian)形嚴重，精(jing)度(du)(du)受到很大(da)的(de)(de)限制(zhi)；

3）材料(liao)的(de)高(gao)塑性對(dui)成形加工(gong)有(you)利，但(dan)不(bu)適(shi)合與蠶食、連續沖裁(cai)，對(dui)沖孔和切邊也不(bu)太合適(shi)；適(shi)當的(de)韌(ren)性對(dui)沖裁(cai)是有(you)益的(de)，它可以抑制沖孔時的(de)變形程(cheng)度(du)；韌(ren)性太高(gao)則沖裁(cai)后反彈嚴重，反而影響(xiang)了精度(du)。

 4）沖壓(ya)普通低碳(tan)(tan)鋼板時(shi)，模(mo)(mo)具(ju)直徑和(he)寬度必須大于料厚(hou)，比(bi)如(ru)φ1.4的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)不能沖1.5mm的(de)(de)材料，沖壓(ya)鋁合(he)金板和(he)銅合(he)金板的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)可(ke)以小一些(xie)，但(dan)沖壓(ya)不銹鋼和(he)高碳(tan)(tan)鋼板的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)就需要更大一些(xie)，否則模(mo)(mo)具(ju)容易斷裂(lie)損壞。

 5）不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)板(ban)一般不宜用(yong)數(shu)沖(chong)加工(gong)。當然，厚度(du)0.8mm~2.5mm的不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)板(ban)可以用(yong)數(shu)沖(chong)鈑(ban)金(jin)加工(gong)，但對(dui)模具(ju)的磨(mo)損(sun)大(da)，且加工(gong)的廢品率(lv)也比普(pu)通(tong)鋼(gang)板(ban)要高很(hen)多；